The above is the common Internet of Things technology and corresponding frequency band information compiled by Skylabs in combination with the current public data. It may inevitably be missed or even wrong, so the information in this article is for reference only. For the frequency band division of specific countries, please refer to the latest information of ITU. N-Type Monocrystalline refers to the type of solar cell material used. Monocrystalline cells are made from a single crystal of silicon, which gives them higher efficiency than polycrystalline cells. The 'N-Type' signifies that the cell has an N-type semiconductor material, typically composed of silicon doped with phosphorus. This doping process creates an abundance of free electrons, which are crucial for the generation of electricity. Features 1. Higher Efficiency: TOPCon technology can achieve efficiencies up to 24-25%, which is higher than most conventional mono-Si cells. This high efficiency translates into more power output per unit area, making them ideal for space-constrained applications. 2. Better Light Absorption: monocrystalline silicon solar panels are known for their ability to absorb light more effectively due to the absence of impurities in the material. This results in better performance under low-light conditions and during night times when solar irradiance is low. 3. Reduced Temperature Coefficient: As temperatures rise, the efficiency of solar cell panels typically decreases. TOPCon cells have a lower temperature coefficient, meaning they maintain their efficiency better at higher temperatures, thus delivering more consistent performance across various environmental conditions. 4. Durability and Reliability: The design of TOPCon cells allows for better thermal management and durability, ensuring they can withstand harsh environmental conditions while maintaining high performance levels over extended periods. To summarize, the utilization of TOPCon N-Type monocrystalline solar panels spans across multiple industries, serving as an environmentally friendly answer to the escalating need for renewable energy sources. These panels significantly boost the efficacy and operational capabilities of solar power systems, thereby playing a pivotal role in advancing sustainable energy solutions. TOPCon N Type Mono Solar Cells,Mono Crystalline Panel,Monocrystalline Solar Cells 700W,Mono N Type Solar Cell Ningbo Taiye Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.tysolarpower.com
5. Cost-Effective Manufacturing: While introducing advanced features, TOPCon technology maintains a competitive cost structure, making it economically viable for mass production and deployment in large-scale solar power plants.
6. Flexibility in Design: The process is compatible with existing manufacturing lines, allowing for easy integration into current semiconductor fabrication processes without significant capital investment.
Common IoT technology classification and its corresponding frequency
The demand for IoT business is huge, and it has obvious vertical industry characteristics, which is also one of the hot concepts in the current market. IoT technology can be subdivided into fixed or slow wireless data access (local area Internet of things), mobile wireless data access (mobile Internet of things), and ubiquitous wireless data access (low-power wide-area Internet of Things) based on business scenarios. three conditions. If we divide wireless technology according to the distance of transmission distance, our common IoT technology can be divided into long-distance communication and near-field communication IoT technology, which are roughly classified as follows:
LoRa, China's LoRa Application Alliance (CLAA) recommends 470-510MHz. The main frequency ranges in other regions are as follows:
NB-IoT, the world's mainstream frequency bands are 800MHz and 900MHz. China Telecom will use 800MHz as the preferred frequency band for deploying NB-IoT. China Unicom will choose 900MHz to deploy NB-IoT. China Mobile may re-cultivate the existing 900MHz frequency band. The main frequencies of NB-IoT worldwide are shown in the following table:
Sigfox, Europe, Middle East: 868MHz (ETSI 300220), North America: 902MHz (FCC part 15), South America/Australia/New Zealand: 920MHz (ANATEL 506, AS/NZS 4268).
Weightless, an open standard LPWAN wireless technology, operates over the entire unlicensed Sub-GHz ISM/SRD band and can be deployed globally: 169/433/470/780/868/915/923MHz.
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Bluetooth are commonly deployed in the 2.4 GHz ISM public band. For other WIFI standards and frequencies, refer to the following table:
Bluetooth
2400 to 2483.5 (MHz)
NFC, it is reported that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will release the near field communication technology standard based on 13.56MHz. The NFC and RFID bands in other regions refer to the following table:
NFC, RFID
125 kHz to 134 kHz
6.7 MHz
13.56 MHz (NFC)
27 MHz
433 MHz
865 MHz to 868 MHz (Europe)
902 MHz to 928 MHz (North America)
5.8 GHz
2.45 GHz
24.125 GHz
Z-Wave, which operates in China at 868.40 MHz, complies with the ETSI/EN 300 220 standard.
ZigBee, Thread, ISA100.11a and other specifications are extended based on IEEE 802.15.4. The frequency used by general IEEE 802.15.4 devices is 868/915/2400MHz. The specific frequency reference is as follows:
ZigBee/Thread/ 6LoWPAN (IEEE 802.15.4)
169.4 to 169.475 MHz
250 to 750 MHz
779 to 787 MHz
863 to 879 MHz
896 to 960 MHz
1427 to 1518 MHz
2360 to 2483.5 MHz
3244 to 4742 MHz
5944 to 10234 MHz
ZigBee 3.0, Thread, 6LoWPAN
2360 to 2483.5 MHz